Think we can kick off the new phase of exploration at Jezero.
Yes, I was thinking that. The new delta campaign has begun according to the press release.
This is the sol 415 circular panorama showing us between the big drifts or ripples (aeolian bedforms), reminiscent of Opportunity many years ago. I haven't done the sol 414 version because I don't really want to deal with the multi-tile Navcams (4 tiles is bad enough, 16 is way too much for me to tackle with other work piling up). If someone makes a panorama for sol 414 I will use that to make a circular view.
Phil
Topic title edited to include sol range- admin
There's a NavCam thumbnail image of the sun from sol 416 with metadata that suggests there was a drive to site 23-1180 from site 23-0824. Looks like the images are late or they'll acquire them the following morning
Sol 416 Supercam Remote Micro-Imager with Mastcam-Z and Navcam context
Finely laminated horizontal layering at the base of the hillside - are these the lake sediments we are looking for?
Very nice images, Tau. I hope we can get to those outcrops.
I changed my mind and made a sol 414 circular pan, using just the upper tier of the multi-tile Navcams to save time. Because of the projection I use the coverage even in just the upper tier is quite extensive.
These circular images don't need a special viewer. They are like a standard polar projection except that the radial scale is changed (roughly equivalent to a stereographic projection). The basic idea is that the middle part is like a map:
End of sol 416 afternoon on Kodiak hill, taken with Navcam Left.
https://flic.kr/p/2ng3fYN
Sol 416, lots of rocks here but the biggest drifts are behind us.
Phil
Remember that huge Mastcam-Z panorama from Sol 406? and at the left in the far distance there was an erosional surface preserved in the strata, but the image quality was quite poor? Well we now have our first high resolution view of that outcrop, taken on Sol 415. It shows the same tripartite system we've seen on Kodiak and elsewhere: inclined strata sandwiched between two horizontally bedded units.
Kodiak Hill imaged by Mars Perseverances Mastcam-Z.camera on sol 416.
Just about 450 meters away from Kodiak hill. I think this is as close as we are going to see this feature ever.
https://flic.kr/p/2ngaZLAhttps://flic.kr/p/2ngaZLA by https://www.flickr.com/photos/tomabandin/, on Flickr
Yet another mosaic of Kodiak on sol 416, rotated to the horizontal
Interesting the multiple and partially opposed discordances in the upper center of the image
Nice image Tau. There appears to be a transition in depositional environment from left to right with the distance between topsets and bottomsets narrowing with an apparent transition to a more energetic, turbulent flow. Unfortunately much of the transition point is obscured by detritus.
Perhaps this was noted in earlier threads, but when we see a feature like this stand so tall above the surrounding plains, but cover such a small part of the area, that means that locally the erosion of other delta material must have been absolutely massive, right? And likely the only agent capable of carrying so much material away would have been catastrophic flooding, right? So while we see, in the hill and more generally in the delta layers built up by one era of water flow, there must have been subsequent eras (or episodes) of water flow that tore a lot of that down in the direction from the remaining delta material towards the center of the crater. Does that sound right or am I missing some other possible agent of erosion? Wind, impacts, and seismic activity from Syrtis Major seem like other possible agents in the destruction of the delta's original edge, but for so much material to be carried away, it seems like water had to be a major player.
It's possible the thick cross-bedded unit in Kodiak butte was formed by eolian processes. Sand dunes and drifts likely formed across the delta during dry periods. The cross-beds seem to dip to the southwest (or somewhere between south and east), which would be unexpected with those formed by fluvial processes on the delta. Perhaps coastal dunes formed as the lake level dropped and sediment became available to wind transport.
As for Kodiak butte itself, it could be an old crater pedestal, where the rock altered by the impact became slightly more resistant than the surrounding material. Over time, the rest is eroded away by mass wasting and wind, leaving the neat little butte.
Sol 415 MastcamZ mosaic of that wonderful mesa :
https://db-prods.net/marsroversimages/Perseverance/2022/Sol415_Mastcam110.jpg
And the same Sol, Navcam full panoramic :
https://db-prods.net/marsroversimages/Perseverance/2022/Sol415_pano.jpg
Very nice, Damia. I couldn't resist making a circular version, hope you don't mind. This is without any extra processing. Later i will look at a higher contrast version.
We just had another drive on sol 418.
Phil
They have begun to image the light-colored beds at the base of Cape Nukshak:
The sol 418 panorama in circular form. Another drive on sol 419! - but not very long.
Phil
Sol 419. Not sure if we are turning to examine something interesting, or to improve helicopter communications for a new flight (or those parachute images).
Phil
I presume that we've driven up on that Nukshak plateau.
From the latest rover position it looks like Percy is still on the crater floor but probably plans to access the lower strata of the delta plateau from this location..easier access to avoid sand dunes perhaps?
Sol 419 Navcam panoramic. I just love here that feel of climbing up a hill.
https://db-prods.net/marsroversimages/Perseverance/2022/Sol419_pano.jpg
That's a very nice panorama! Thanks, Damia.
This is sol 420's view in circular form. We moved about 60 m north to a rocky ledge.
Phil
1. Sol 419 Mastcam-Z left eye filters 1 to 6 multispectral principal components false colors
2. Navcam context
3. Mastcam-Z left eye filter 0 (RGB) raw image for comparison
1
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229203
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Spectacular! And welcome to the forum.
John
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229163
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Thanks Phil
Sol 420 Navcam panoramic. I really love this place, it's nice to finally see changes in the landscape.
https://db-prods.net/marsroversimages/Perseverance/2022/Sol420_pano.jpg
Also deserved a Postcard :
https://www.db-prods.net/blog/2022/04/27/leaving-jezero/
Sol 420 Supercam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic with sol 419 Navcam context
The mosaic shows the upper right corner of the sol 419 Mastcam-Z multispectral photo (see post #27), but from a slightly different perspective.
Another sol 420 Supercam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic with sol 420 Mastcam-Z context
Sol 421, circular panorama with some nice outcrops between the aeolian ridges.
Phil
I concur with john_s. The rocks on Sol 420, best seen in Ant103's panorama, in my opinion look like the igneous rocks we saw earlier. Their colour, texture, and subdued relief reminds me of the upper Maaz formation members encountered early in the mission, remember the first failed coring attempt? Meanwhile the Sol 421 lithology is very different and is all consistent with prodelta mudstones, which must be an exciting moment for the mission's geologists.
That means sometime in the last drive, the rover crossed the geological contact between the two units. On the surface, this contact may not have been spotted, as the area is covered in sand ripples and the contact is between two quite soft rock types. However, perhaps they've detected the contact in the subsurface using Rimfax, the radar instrument. In fact, the last two drives look very well suited for doing such a radar survey: the rover pivoted northwards and has conducted a nearly straight, N-S transect across the boundary, so I expect that's what they're doing right now. The rover did this same thing the last time it crossed a major boundary, when it entered the Seitah Formation around Sol 200 (see image for the results of that survey). I wonder if this was a major motivation for the rover planners choosing to come here in the first place instead of going to Hawksbill Gap: because this area better preserves the contact between the delta and the lava flow, allowing them to do a transect & Rimfax survey.
Given the step back of the delta and what appears to be a contact between the effusive lava and sedimentary deposits I feel the layered unit is more likely later delta deposits than prodelta/lake bed remnants. Getting close up and personal will tell the tale.
Layered outcrops at the base of Cape Nukshak.
1. Sol 420 Mastcam-Z image mosaic from a distance of about 44 m, with enhanced colors. I see two different layered units here: a bluish-gray unit on top of a orange-brown unit.
2. Sol 420 Mastcam-Z anaglyph
3. Sol 421 Navcam, now very close (about 5 m)
1
I agree, there's two distinct units here, corresponding to the different colours of the "bacon strip". I wonder what the significance of that colour difference is? This Mastcam zoom-in taken today shows cm or mm-scale layering. Perhaps that represents annual cyclicity. The grain size seems to be too fine to resolve individual grains, certainly it's finer-grained than the aeolian sediment ontop of it. I hope the rover does an abrasion here so we can see how thin the layering is & try and resolve some grains with the hand lens.
Sol 422 NavCam after a short bump
I have a feeling we could be here for a while
Sol 422 circular view. As Paul says, just a small move.
Phil
Peaceful sight of the rover's tracks winding across the floor of Jezero crater, imaged on sol 422 by Mastcam-Z Left.
https://flic.kr/p/2nhpKCA
Indeed, a very peaceful and beautiful picture. It looks like a romantic painting.
Layered outcrops at the base of Cape Nukshak, seen from a distance of about 6 m on sol 422
1. Supercam Remote Micro-Imager. A very rough grain-size estimate: in the rock about 0.4 to 0.5 mm, dark sand 0.2 to 0.3 mm
2. Mastcam-Z context
3. Mastcam-Z left eye filters 1 to 6 multispectral principal components
More layered outcrops at the base of Cape Nukshak in Mastcam-Z images from sol 423
1. Raw image filter 0 (RGB)
2. Left eye filters 1 to 6 multispectral principal components. A few stones have alternating blue/purple layers.
3. Right eye infrared filters 1 to 6 multispectral principal components 1 and 2
4. Anaglyph
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229244
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.org/gigapans/229249
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Panorama taken with Navcam Left (my first attempt to this tricky dataset!) on sol 422 at 14:12 LMST.
https://flic.kr/p/2nhBQpZ
I think with PCA, all that you can safely say about two highly contrasting colors is that there is a difference between two things, but there's no definite information about the nature of that difference, and it could easily be some combination of illumination, texture, composition or possibly other things, in any unknown combination.
For example, when you see the color patterns where oil or gasoline and water are on wet pavement, the color differences have absolutely nothing to do with compositional differences.
An image of snow and ice might show considerable variation in color even though every bit of solid present is pure H2O.
Moreover, with the PCA, the contrasts seen across one part of the image are further altered by what happens to be present in other parts of the image.
We may easily be looking at one more or less constant composition of the rocks in these photos with different history of weathering, burial, dust cover, etc.
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.org/gigapans/229250
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Very good, Tau. My sense suggests to me that the finely-bedded bluish rocks are silt- or mudstones. Fine particle sizes that remained in suspension and settled away from the early delta. The purplish rocks are a different mineralogy and are somtimes associated with the siltstone units, which may well.be cyclic. Some purplish rocks appear to be coarse grained and may represent rocks that have tumbled down from higher in the section, or may represent cataclysmic flows in the streams or may represent turbidites from the delta. The mineralogical difference may be the result of intense chemical weathering of volcanic rocks in wet basins of the upland that were breached during intense rainfall events and entered the streams as a slug.
--Bill
If you are right that the deposition was fallout in the lake prior to delta formation Bill then couldn't the banded layers reflect variations in oxygenation conditions within the lake? Assuming an abiotic influence, say periodic changes in cloud or ash cover affecting levels of UV at the surface and potentially shallow water.
Here comes a sol 424 SuperCam RMI mosaic of the presumed siltstone/mudstone with sol 423 Mastcam-Z context.
The graininess in the bluish-gray parts of the SuperCam image is most likely image noise.
Possible mineral grains are too small to be visible. If there are grains, their diameter should be less than 0.15 mm assuming that at least 3 pixels are necessary to resolve a grain.
The vertical sequence of laser shots in the center of the SuperCam mosaic indicates that a chemical-mineralogical analysis is in progress.
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229259
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Sol 424 SuperCam RMI mosaic no. 2 with Mastcam-Z context and sol 422 Navcam context
Sol 425 SuperCam RMI mosaic with sol 423 Mastcam-Z context and sol 422 Navcam context
We have had some really nice panoramas posted by Damia and Thomas recently, certainly much better than I could manage. I have been playing with circular versions of them so here are some examples.
Damia, sol 419:
Just reporting in from the MEPAG meeting. Ken Farley reports that the rover will now move back to the Three Forks area and up into Hawksbill Gap. It will survey outcrops on the way up, then sample them on the way down. At the end of 2022 it will be back at Three Forks and that may be the site of the first sample cache, because it is so flat and benign for operation of the later sample collection missions. Then Perseverance will climb onto the delta top for more sampling. It is possible that the cache will be closer to the crater Belva on the delta top, some time in 2023, but there is a desire to get a good cache safely deployed fairly soon. Later the rover moves to the main channel of the delta and finally up onto the crater rim in about 2024. A second cache would be further southwest after more sampling.
Phil
This is Damia's panorama for sol 419 (as posted above) but with enhanced contrast and adjusted colour. Changing contrast messes up the colour, which is why I make changes to it. I know it's not realistic.
I have not worked on the latest panorama, hoping someone else will do it first.
Phil
sol 426, a circular panorama with lots of aeolian bedforms AKA drifty-like ripply-like objects.
Phil
More of those lovely aeolian bedforms (See Phil's post) this time after the drive on sol 428 (site 24-1970)
Sol 428 Navcam panoramic. Look at this very nice place !
https://db-prods.net/marsroversimages/Perseverance/2022/Sol428_pano.jpg
The mineralogy of many rocks here is most likely not homogeneous.
There are color variations (bluish/purple) parallel to the layers. They are particularly well visible in multispectral images like http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com/index.php?act=attach&type=post&id=50953 in post #48.
I would exclude a glacial influence on the shape of the rocks here.
Here come some more multispectral images. The next three were taken around SuperCam RMI investigations.
Sol 425 no. 1 Mastcam-Z left eye filter 0 raw image and filters 1 to 6 multispectral principal components
Sol 425 no. 2 Mastcam-Z left eye filter 0 raw image and filters 1 to 6 multispectral principal components
Sol 425 no. 3 Mastcam-Z left eye filter 0 raw image and filters 1 to 6 multispectral principal components
Sol 425 no. 4 Mastcam-Z left eye filters 1 to 6 multispectral principal components.
Links to filter 0 raw images: https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020-raw-images/pub/ods/surface/sol/00425/ids/edr/browse/zcam/ZL0_0425_0704660028_988EBY_N0240000ZCAM03355_0340LMJ01.png and https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020-raw-images/pub/ods/surface/sol/00425/ids/edr/browse/zcam/ZL0_0425_0704660240_988EBY_N0240000ZCAM03355_0340LMJ01.png part
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.org/gigapans/229280
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Sol 427 panorama in circular form. I thought this area would be difficult to cross but it seems not. I only used the upper tier of tiles in the multi-tile image to save time.
Phil
And this is Damia's very nice panorama from sol 428 in circular form, with a closeup of the area around the rover. Still lots of terrain relief distortion in this. Thanks for a timely panorama, Damia.
Phil
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229284
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
A drive on Sol 432 takes the rover to site 24-2770
Trimmed this roughly assembled / processed end-of-drive tiled L-NavCam to remove a little image drop out.
JSON drive data not yet available.
Now the map is updated - a good drive out of the ripple area and out into the plains of Three Forks. According to the MEPAG presentation we will head for the bacon buffet now.
Phil
Which map is updated, Phil? The last Route Map uodate ia 3May22.
I was referring to the JPL map:
https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/where-is-the-rover/
It is updated after every drive, usually within half a day.
Phil
Has Perseverance taken RIMFAX scans since it was at South Séítah? A scan around sol 419-422 could help determine whether the crater-floor volcanic unit onlaps or underlies the sedimentary beds of the delta.
Edit: Two possibilities:
RIMFAX is used on almost every drive. A place as significant as this will certainly be probed by RIMFAX, but it may be quite a while before we get to hear about the results.
Phil
Sol 425 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic with Mastcam-Z context and sol 422 Navcam context
Here is a http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com/index.php?act=attach&type=post&id=51004 to a multispectral image of the Mastcam-Z context
Do we know what slope angles will Percy have to drive climbing up the delta?
A circular panorama for sol 432, coming back into the Three Forks area.
Phil
Don't forget Perseverance's wheels have twice as many treads as Curiosity's wheels, so that could mean less slippage when traversing slopes ?
Sol 433 circular panorama. A good landing strip for the sample return lander!
Phil
Given tau's very nice topo map, it looks like Perseverance can reach some delta layers by climbing a slope no steeper than 6° in the direction of motion. That doesn't account for the need to negotiate some dunes in the early going, which is also tricky. But it looks like nothing harder than what Curiosity has already done.
This is the description of future activities shown by Ken Farley at MEPAG (public information, will be online shortly). We are at point 4 now.
Phil
The sol 434 panorama in circular form - I only had time to use the top tier of frames from the full resolution 4x4 Navcams.
Phil
A drive on sol 436 takes the rover closer to the bacon
Assembled in MS-ICE
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.org/gigapans/229339
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229340
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Sol 436 Mastcam-Z with enhanced colors and anaglyph of a layered outcrop at Hawksbill Gap
Sol 436 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic with Mastcam-Z context and sol 435 Navcam context.
The bright stripe at the lower edge of the SuperCam mosaic is part of the so-called "Bacon strip" at Hawksbill Gap.
Circular view on sol 436, near the base of the slope.
Phil
Paul kindly let me use his assembled Navcams for a mosaic which let me produce this circular view for sol 437, saving me quite a bit of time. Thanks, Paul!
Phil
Sol 437 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic with context by Mastcam-Z and Navcam
at the interface sol 439
stitched in photoshop and msice, location aprrox at end of blue line
This circular view for sol 439 is compiled using Paul's Navcam images. Thanks, Paul!
Phil
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229361
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
2 of the 5 end-of-drive 4-tile NavCams after the sol 441 drive to site 25/0000, map not yet updated, but it looks like a drive to the north (beyond the large ripples) and then westwards in the direction of Hawksbill Gap
I have assembled one further 4-tile NavCam, but the remaining end-of drive NavCam's currently have a number of missing tiles or suffer from some data drop out. Hopefully those issues will be addressed in the next downlink.
another 4 navcams of point a
layers are 3 per cleat space or 3.7 cm
This circular panorama was compiled using Paul's Navcam images. Thanks, Paul! It wasn't easy to get them to fit together because quite a lot of the horizon is missing, but it worked in the end. Uphill a bit and then a left turn.
Phil
Sol 442 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic with Navcam context
Sol 443 Mastcam-Z
1. Left eye raw image. A SuperCam RMI imaging of the bright stone in the center could be interesting.
2. Left eye filters 1 to 6 multispectral principal components. Five laser impacts are faintly visible on the yellowish slab.
3. Anaglyph
On Sol 441 one of the wheels uncovered the ocher/terracota-colored layer under the thin 'common dust' stratum and (crushed? / smashed? / smeared?) it. What substance can this layer consist of?
Link to the full-res NAVCAM_LEFT photo NLF_0441_0706100331_824ECM_N0250000NCAM03441_10_195J01 https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020-raw-images/pub/ods/surface/sol/00441/ids/edr/browse/ncam/NLF_0441_0706100331_824ECM_N0250000NCAM03441_10_195J01.png.
Attachment: clipping from this photo in 4x magnification
This one took a long time to arrive, but it was worth the wait
end-of-drive NavCam from sol 443, roughly assembled / processed
This is the sol 443 circular pan, constructed from the frames Paul kindly prepared.
Phil
Looks like a short drive to the West on Sol 448:
8-tile (4x2) mid-drive NavCam at site 25/0294 roughly assembled in MS-ICE
This is from earlier in the mission but I didn't want to bury it in an old thread, so I hope you will forgive me for posting it here.
I have been going through the Analysts Notebook in PDS, collecting the uplink and downlink reports and trying to condense them into a reasonable narrative. This is for sols 1-178 only but more will follow.
It is not complete and needs editing - it still has some little notes to myself to look something up, and I am aware it is repetitive and not very exciting (it's not a novel, after all). But I post it here in case anyone finds it useful. It is just a plain text file.
Phil
sols_edited.txt ( 54.29K )
: 226
(PS you have no idea how time-consuming this is)
The drive on sol 448 had at least two stops for imaging. Here's one of the end-of-drive NavCams roughly merged with two later images that included a little more of the horizon that was missed due to the >10 degree roll of the rover, hopefully using those additional tiles might assist Phil to compile the polar view
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.org/gigapans/229423
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
This is the sol 448 panorama in circular form, made using Paul's Navcams. The addition of part of the horizon was very helpful.
Phil
Sol 449 mosaic of zcams and the scam closeup (center right of mosaic)
looks like a foamy structure again.. sandstone prob
Sol 449 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic with Mastcam-Z context
Another sol 449 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic with Navcam context
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abn3783
Great new paper on dust devils and wind gusts in Jezero.
Phil
The L-NavCam workspace after a drive on Sol 449, resized to match the 4 tile versions from a 9-tile version
Roughly assembled in MS-ICE
Well, that was a tricky one but I managed to put Paul's images together (he let me have a full set) - thanks, Paul. Here is the sol 449 circular panorama. It was a small move to put a tasty rock in the workspace.
Phil
Sol 450 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic no. 1 with Navcam context
Sol 450 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic no. 2 with Navcam context
Sol 452 - Contact Science:
The first 1st abrasion of the delta campaign (Hazcam tile and SHERLOC WATSON)
I've rotated the S-WATSON frame to bring it closer to view from the other cameras on the rover
Both images have been cropped / processed
.dupe.
I think this is one of the most beautiful outcrops with a cross bedding seen by Perseverance.
This is a slice of the panorama taken on sol 451.
Looking at the horizontal layers in Post #136 (beautiful work, tau!) I wonder if this would mechanically allow a sample that grabs many layers in one tube, and imagine the science that could be performed on Earth, analyzing the differences from one layer to the next, potentially developing an account for how the local (planetary?) environment evolved from one specific martian year (?) to the next at some time in the remote past. It would be curiously specific in relative time, where we'd speak of Year Y, Y+1, etc., without ever knowing precisely when Y was.
This is incredible stuff in these pictures.
Tau, nice (apparent) grainsize distribution on these micro-images. They suggest higher stream load capacity and variability.
--Bill
The central part of the sol 451 Mastcam-Z panorama with enhanced colors
Sol 453 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic with sol 449 Mastcam-Z context.
They were obviously taken from different waypoints, hence the distortion of the mosaic in the context image.
Meanwhile, sol 453 Mastcam-Z context images for the sol 453 SuperCam RMI mosaic in the previous post have arrived.
Here are left eye filter 0 RGB context with SuperCam inset, and multispectral filters 1 to 6 principal components.
Sol 453 Mastcam-Z image of the abrasion patch (with enhanced colors).
The surrounding area appears to be heavily disturbed by the abrasion process.
Even more colorful - the abrasion area in multispectral images
1. Mastcam-Z sol 453 left eye filter 0 (RGB) raw image for comparison (https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020-raw-images/pub/ods/surface/sol/00453/ids/edr/browse/zcam/ZL0_0453_0707153419_081EBY_N0260000ZCAM03372_1100LMJ01.png to original image)
2. Left eye multispectral filters 1 to 6 principal components
3. Right eye infrared multispectral filters 1 to 6 principal components (unfortunately with strong filter flatfield inhomogeneities)
The pebble at pixel 190 from the left and 430 from the top looks unremarkably gray in image 2, but intensely blue in infrared image 3.
Earlier I posted a map showing potential routes into the delta from a presentation at the MEPAG meeting earlier this month. All presentations can be found here (linked from a PDF of the agenda):
https://www.lpi.usra.edu/mepag/meetings/mepag-39/Agenda.pdf
The Perseverance caching presentation by Farley is in the Tuesday session, top of page 2.
Phil
(PS - you're welcome, 65)
Sol 455: Drive to the north
4-tile NavCam roughly assembled in MS-ICE
This is a circular view made from a full set of Paul's images from sol 455. Moving uphill. It's interesting that the rocky surface we are sitting on is so much less apparent from the surface than in the HiRISE images. Thanks, Paul, much appreciated.
Phil
Sol 456: Processed EOD 4-tile NavCam, roughly assembled in MS-ICE
Article on Nature on Perseverance's current campaign
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01543-z
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229500
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
The sol 456 circular panorama made from Paul's Navcam composites. Thanks, Paul! Look at that tasty rasher of bacon!
Phil
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.org/gigapans/229506
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Whoa! I can see at least two places with reddish soil.
Your recent work on both rovers imagery’s bring something different and very much appreciate Neville.
Panorama taken with Navcam Left on sol 456 at 15:20 LMST. Nice slice of bacon indeed Phil
https://flic.kr/p/2npNEmT
Close to the 'Bacon Strip' after a drive on Sol 460 (Site 26-470)
Attached are two of the end-of-drive 4-tile NavCam mosaics, giving us a wide view of the 'Strip'.
The mosaics were roughly assembled in MS-ICE
Thanks to Paul's images, here is a circular view of the sol 460 panorama, almost at the bacon strip.
Phil
Today, sol 461, we are on the bacon strip. More details later...
Phil
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229563
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.org/gigapans/229564
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Siltstone?
Sol 456 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic no. 1 with Mastcam-Z and Navcam context
Sol 456 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic no. 2 with Mastcam-Z and Navcam context
Sol 457 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic with sol 459 Mastcam-Z and sol457 Navcam context
Sol 459 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic with sol 459 Mastcam-Z and sol457 Navcam context
Great images, Tau. Thanks!
And with some images from Paul and a bit of black magic, here is a circular view for sol 461. Bringing home the bacon!
Phil
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229574
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Sol 459 Mastcam-Z multispectral images of the context of the two SuperCam RMI mosaics in posts #167 and #168
1. Left eye filter 0 (RGB) raw image (https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020-raw-images/pub/ods/surface/sol/00459/ids/edr/browse/zcam/ZL0_0459_0707691661_159EBY_N0260218ZCAM03376_1100LMJ01.png to original raw image)
2. Left eye filters 1 to 6 principal components
3. Right eye infrared filters 1 to 6 principal components (greenish to the right due to filter flatfield inhomogeneities)
4. Same as 3, enlarged, with the two SuperCam mosaics in the brightness channel for detail. Exact match not possible due to parallax between cameras.
1
What's that? A piece of hardware lost during descent? A special and rare kind of rock?
1. Enlarged details of Mastcam-Z raw images
2. Mastcam-Z filter 0 RGB enhanced by principal components
3. Anaglyph
Sol 462 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic no. 1 with Navcam context
Sol 462 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic no. 2 with 10 laser holes and Navcam context
Sol 463 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic with 10 laser holes and Navcam context
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229610
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229613
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
A small selection of post drive L-NavCam tiled mosaics after a short drive on sol 464 to site 26/756.
All were roughly assembled in MS-ICE, & de-greened in PhotoScape
Using a full set of Paul's images, here is a circular view of the sol 464 position.
Phil
Sol 464 Mastcam-Z
1. Left eye raw image
2. Left eye filters 1 to 6 multispectral principal components
Judging by the multispectral false colors, the conglomerate in the upper halfth of the image consists of a variety of different rock types an minerals.
Sol 464 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic with Mastcam-Z context
Sol 466 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic with three laser holes (no context image available yet).
The SuperCam mosaic reminds me of veins of fibrous gypsum in claystone (see second photo) that I found just a few days ago on a small Gipskeuper formation hill in Thuringia.
It would be a nice coincidence if also Perseverance had found a vein of fibrous gypsum.
Virtually all the white Mars veins and veinlets probably consist of Ca-sulfates, but daily and seasonal temperature and humidity variations can cause apparent amorphization of surface sulfates (Ca-sulfates cycle among gypsum and the less hydrous forms bassanite and anhydrite). Therefore, nice fibrous gypsum crystals are unlikely at the surface. You might find them if you could dig.
dburt
Mastcam-Z Left mosaic made of 123 pictures taken on sol 466 (12 June, 2022) at 12:20 LMST.
http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229651
https://flic.kr/p/2nrQSRG
Looking suspiciously like a piece of EDL Hardware (FOD)
Sol 467 - L-MastCam-Z (full zoom)
Indeed, it really looks like a piece of multi-layer insulation. See this picture in the JPL shield shop from https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jpl/meet-a-spacecraft-dressmaker
Sol 467 Mastcam-Z left eye filter 0 (RGB) color-enhanced image and anaglyph
But much more interesting than the lost EDL hardware parts are the Martian rocks in a sol 467 Mastcam-Z image,
especially the one with the textured surface in the upper right part of the image.
Is the texture an effect of wind abrasion, or reflects it an internal property of the rock, or both?
Distance to the rock about 4.4 m, size about 2.6 cm (calculation results as usual without guarranty).
Just to share my calculations regarding the piece of (likely) thermal material that has been imaged: located at ~10.5m, it's 18cm x 10 cm.
Assuming a wind speed of 15 m/s (maximum measured by MEDA as far as I know), with a drag coefficient of 1.05 (cubic section, that's the closer I found), I compute a drag force of 0.044 N.
If the material is composed of Mylar (volumic mass = 1.38 g/cm^3), a layer of 6 µm has a weight of 0.00057 N.
So this drag force could lift a material composed of about 76 layers of Mylar.
Hence, it seems plausible that wind alone moved that thermal material.
Merci beaucoup, Thomas, for your calculations.
The difference between our independently determined distances to the object is about one percent, which is a very good agreement and dispels my doubts about my results.
The size of 21 cm I calculated is the largest diagonal of the piece, respectively the smallest diameter of a circle that contains the piece completely.
Attachment: a small smooth rolled pebble in 8× magnification.
Context: sol 467, ZL0_0467_0708387668_428EBY_N0260756ZCAM08487_1100LMJ01
442px from left, 43 px from the top of this original raw photo (including black margins)
https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020-raw-images/pub/ods/surface/sol/00467/ids/edr/browse/zcam/ZL0_0467_0708387668_428EBY_N0260756ZCAM08487_1100LMJ01.png
Regarding the sol 466 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic in this post:
Regarding the perforation of the thermal blanket piece:
And what's that?
Detail in a sol 467 Mastcam-Z image, enlarged and enhanced
Great images guys
Here's a new handy dandy info page that recently appeared on the https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/. Or you can access it directly on this https://mars.nasa.gov/mars-rock-samples/
It provides details on the cores and atmospheric samples acquired (so far) on the mission, some of the details are new (to me) including core length and rock type.
ADMIN MODE: Seems like a good time to remind everyone, esp. our newer members, to carefully read the http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com/index.php?act=boardrules section with particular attention to rule 1.3.
Pareidolia is entertaining, but if it's given any credence whatsoever it's tin-hat time. We don't do that here. Period.
Thanks.
I didn't calculate the diameter of the holes in the image because they are quite small, just about two pixels in diameter in the raw images (about 0.05 inch).
According to the http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com/index.php?act=attach&type=post&id=51257 we are looking almost perpendicularly at the sheet. Apparently it has a 60° staggered perforation pattern.
The distance between neighboring holes is about 1.25 cm (about 0.49 inch), calculated by stereophotogrammetry.
The most similar type in the catalog is 045-0405, but its distance between neighboring holes is 0.405 inch = 1.0287 cm, which is 18 % less.
When scaling the drawing in the book so that 1 inch of the drawing is equal to 1 inch on the piece on Mars, as in the image below, the patterns do not match.
Even scaling and projecting the other patterns in the book by looking at them at an angle (not perpendicularly), I haven't found one that fits.
Back from terrestrial material to Martian geology with a sol 467 Mastcam-Z anaglyph (enlarged).
The protruding thing (concretion?) at 1400 pixels from the left and 240 pixels from the top is 11 mm in diameter.
The smaller round ones on the rock in the center of the image are about 2 mm in diameter.
The distance from the camera was about 2.9 m.
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229703
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.org/gigapans/229704
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
The freshest abraded patch in Jezero (sol 471 SHERLOC-WATSON image)
Looks like the rock fractured during the abrasion process. I guess that may be considered a bonus as it shows the abraded surface and a freshly fractured surface, but maybe not perfect for PIXL?
A small light toned inclusion is also present.
My take on the WATSON mosaic of Bacon Strip, taken on sol 470 at 13:30 LMST.
Color corrected and correction of the artifacts due to dust on sensor.
It really reminds me the mudstones encountered by Curiosity at Pahrump Hills.
https://flic.kr/p/2nsQXjK
1. Sol 472 Supercam RMI mosaic with
2. Mastcam-Z left eye filter 0 context and
3. Mastcam-Z left eye multispectral filters 1 to 6 (visible to near infrared light) principal components image
1. Sol 473 Supercam RMI mosaic of the abrasion patch
2. Sol 473 Supercam RMI mosaic in sol 472 Mastcam-Z left eye filter 0 context image
3. Sol 472 Mastcam-Z left eye multispectral filters 1 to 6 (visible to near infrared light) principal components
4. Sol 472 Mastcam-Z anaglyph
1
Via Paul (who is helping me a lot lately) comes a name for the sol 471 abrasion patch: Elkwallow Gap.
Phil
Sol 474 Drive...
A selection of the post drive tiled NavCam's from site 26/0850 (roughly assembled in MS-ICE)
Looks like a nice layered target in the arm workspace
Sol 474 Mastcam-Z
1. Left eye raw image (without black frame)
2. Left eye multispectral filters 1 to 6 (visible to near infrared light) principal components
3. Anaglyph
Paul's full set of images were used to make this circular view for sol 474 (I added one missing bit at the top of the hill).
Phil
A scenic Martian landscape with rover tracks in a small part of the sol 470 Mastcam-Z panorama looking south.
The horizontal ridge behind the nearest hill on the left is Séítah.
Around pixel coordinates 200 pixels from the left and 1575 from the top, the rover track of Sol 413 is clearly visible.
At pixel coordinates (520, 1610), the rover track of Sol 433 is very faintly visible.
What looks like a rover track at (100, 1500) is not a track, but a filled-in fracture with slightly raised edges.
Colors are enhanced.
Panorama taken with Navcam Left on sol 474 at Hogwallow Flats, at 14:25 LMST. Really nice layered block near the rover. Does someone know if it has a name?
https://flic.kr/p/2ntJ12J
Speaking about that rock, I didn't have time yet to process the nice RMI mosaic taken on sol 436. Here it is, with the corresponding Mastcam-Z Left picture.
https://flic.kr/p/2ntQsMW
Sol 476 Sherloc Watson camera mosaic of this layered block near the rover.
Two blurred raw images at the top and bottom are not included.
Sol 476 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic, most probably a detail of the layered block
"Does someone know if it has a name?"
Paul sent me this link:
https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/m2020-zcam-bettys-rock-sol-467-2fa590899d254fb5b288c3ec9de27d4d
It is called Betty's Rock.
Phil
Sol 477 - A Short drive away from Betty's Rock:
A selection of 2x2 and 2x1 tiled NavCam photomosaics roughly assembled in MS-ICE
Paul's images make this circular panorama for sol 477.
Phil
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229771
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
1. Sol 477 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic, same detail of Betty's rock as the http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com/index.php?act=attach&type=post&id=51336, but with different sun illumination
― Sol 476: sun elevation 47°, sun azimuth 190°, light incidence almost perpendicular to the rock surface
― Sol 477: sun elevation 29°, sun azimuth 132°, longer shadows
2. Sol 477 SuperCam RMI mosaic in Mastcam-Z context
3. Sol 477 Mastcam-Z left eye multispectral filters 1 to 6 principal components
4. Sol 477 Mastcam-Z anaglyph
http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com/index.php?act=attach&type=post&id=51336 at the foot of Betty's rock in sol 474 Navcam context (same context for sol 477 mosaic)
Quite a soft piece of hardware on sol 477. Mastcam-Z right eye with enhanced colors.
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.org/gigapans/229773
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229774
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
One more artifact?
File details: ZR0_0477_0709275870_285EBY_N0260850ZCAM08498_1100LMJ Sol 477 09:48:27
2022-06-23 17:12:04.900
https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020-raw-images/pub/ods/surface/sol/00477/ids/edr/browse/zcam/ZR0_0477_0709275870_285EBY_N0260850ZCAM08498_1100LMJ01.png
Having a closer look at 'Oventop Mountain'
Animated GIF: 5 HazCam frames from sol 480
"Betty's ribbon" on sol 477 with scale bar. The mesh size is about 2 mm.
1. Mastcam-Z right eye with scale. This piece of hardware wasn't there on sol 474, compare with this http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com/index.php?act=attach&type=post&id=51355.
2. Anaglyph as usual. If you have a display with only sRGB color space, you will see a strong ghosting of the right (cyan) image in the left (red filter) eye.
This is due to the highly unsaturated green sRGB display pixels with a significant amount of red in their spectrum.
3. To reduce this ghosting, I tried the following:
- Decreased the maximum green histogram value from 255 to about 100 or less.
- Decreased the maximum red histogram value from 255 to about 200.
The result is a darker image with quite a purple cast, but the stereoscopic effect on sRGB displays is improved.
Another name pops up: Skinner Ridge Rock.
https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/status/388/sometimes-things-get-complicated/
Phil
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229860
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229871
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229869
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229870
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
The layered cliff of "Rocky Top" on sol 483
1. Mastcam-Z left eye filter 0 raw image, black frame removed
2. Mastcam-Z left eye, principal components of multispectral filters 1 to 6
3. Anaglyph
4. Navcam context
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229911
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020-raw-images/pub/ods/surface/sol/00490/ids/edr/browse/ncam/NRF_0490_0710456117_926ECM_N0261004NCAM00709_01_095J02_800.jpg
A brand new sample on sol 490!
Phil
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229933
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T[size="5"][/size]
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/229938
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Great display by Neville. Curious feature lurking if it's real.
We're just seeing a gap between the rocks, as you can see from stereo views. Anaglyph:
1. The sol 482 abrasion patch in a combination of enhanced colors from SHERLOC WATSON camera (sol 485) and higher-resolution details from SHERLOC ACI (sol 489).
2. The context of 1. in the SHERLOC WATSON camera raw image.
3. One of the SHERLOC Autofocus and Context Imager (ACI) raw images used for the focus stack.
Note: The faintly visible regular pattern of small circles is not a property of the Martian rock,
but presumably an effect of SHERLOC's ultraviolet laser used for Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy.
Yes indeed it is a gap, though I wonder about the bowling pin shaped feature within.
Or two small, adjacent rocks. Nice image though.
Yes would be interesting if it's possible to see the context of the rocks later on. The lighting regime is different from the foreground and one might guess where the more distant horizon is placed.
The 1st sedimentary core has been named 'Swift Run'
https://mars.nasa.gov/mars-rock-samples/
Regarding the quoted post #256:
There seems to be a glitch in UMSF's content management system.
Originally I had the thumbnails and their numbers arranged in a horizontal row, and they were displayed that way after upload.
Now they are suddenly arranged in a vertical column, with a line break before each thumbnail, resulting in irritating numbering (see the quote in post #262 above).
Presumably this effect is triggered when a post is quoted.
This vertical arrangement of the thumbnails can be undone in the edit preview, but not in the uploaded post, so I removed the numbers in post #256.
Can anyone give a hint on how to avoid this effect?
The second core has been extracted from the 'Skinner Ridge' rock seen in this NavCam tile from sol 495
Also what appears to be some EDL debris? captured in this HazCam tile from just in front of 'Skinner Ridge' on the same sol. Note: It was not in that location on sol 491.
From your post #240 and link Paul, I thought this rock exposure was called Oventop Mountain?
The previous name is the rock, the new name is for the sample. The second core will get another name.
Phil
The second sedimentary core from 'Skinner Ridge' has been called 'Skyland' has been added to the mission samples page. A little shorter than 'Swift Run' at just 5.85cm
Sol 497 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic with Mastcam-Z context and anaglyph
Sol 497 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic no. 2 with sol 492 Mastcam-Z context
and sol 489 Mastcam-Z left eye multispectral filters 1 to 6 principal components
Apologies...
Posted to wrong thread.
Admin please remove post
TIA
oops! Wrong rover...
Phil
So much for the S:N ratio.
I recently posted an image showing the abrasion and drill holes at Skinner Ridge, and it seemed like a good idea to do this for other sampling sites as well. This is the previous sample site at Sid:
Tim, it helps the S:N !
Drive during Sol 501: 19.4m ~Southwest, but still on the Bacon strip.
2x2 tiled NavCam and extracts from the JSON data.
Here is a circular view of the sol 501 position from a full set of Paul's images. There is another small move on sol 502.
Phil
Another small debris spotted Sol 484, while building a panoramic picture.
It has a more 'bluish' color when compared to other small rocks nearby.
Enjoy
Processed picture:
Sol 504: The latest 5cm dia. abrasion patch on Mars.
Located on a rock called 'Wildcat Ridge' in the Hogwallow Flats area.
This time the fine-grained rocks of the Bacon Strip have not fragmented during abrasion.
Looks like there maybe be an existing fracture and what looks like a light toned fracture fill (more fun for the science team)
Source for the rock name: https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/m2020-zcam-wildcat-ridge-sol-502-aa7a278ba53e428ca8f7103eff79987a
This circular view of the current location was made from Paul's sol 502 images.
The full panorama contains five full Navcam frames, pointing low, and 3 or (in this case) 4 partial frames extending it up to the horizon. Combining them is time-consuming (even with Paul's much appreciated help making the composites from smaller tiles). The whole process would be easier if the five frame pan was aimed high to get the horizon and the bottom was filled in with partial frames (covering mainly the workspace). I suppose there is a reason for doing it the other way - better stereo of the workspace, most likely.
Phil
Sol 507 LMastcam-Z:
1. The sol 504 abrasion patch in a combination of enhanced colors from SHERLOC WATSON camera (sol 504) and higher-resolution details from SHERLOC ACI (sol 505).
The largest grain size is about 120 µm (light grains). The diameters of small grains are hardly discernible, but they are definitely smaller than 40 µm. Black dots are presumably pores.
2. The context of 1. in the SHERLOC WATSON camera raw image.
3. A wider context in a sol 504 Navcam image
Sol 505 SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager mosaic with sol 505 Mastcam-Z context and sol 502 Navcam context
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/230064
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.org/gigapans/230066
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
Another sedimentary rock core acquired, processed and sealed on Sol 509
Gigapan - http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/230074
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ASU/NeV-T
To get across the delta and be able to start assembling these wonderful outcrop views into a larger picture. There are going to be complex and dynamic ptocesses at work here. I'm waiting to get higher in the section and in altitude to see subaerial landforms of the delta top.
--Bill
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