Juno Perijove 17, December 21, 2018 Options

[mcaplinger]

The first batch of images has been pushed to https://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/

[Kevin Gill]

Thank you! Just pulled the latest spice kernels and will jump on the imagery hopefully tonight :-)

[Sean]

early pass using Brian's script...

[Gerald]

PJ17, part 1, drafts, and enhanced reprojections, PNG.

Here the JPG version of the reprojections:
#17:



#16:


#15:

[Gerald]

#14, and #13:

[Gerald]

#07, #08,
#09, #10,
and #11:

[Bjorn Jonsson]

Image 17 in approximately true color/contrast versions and enhanced versions:




And a subset of the associated metadata:

IMAGE_TIME = 2018-12-21T16:45:54.743
MISSION_PHASE_NAME = PERIJOVE 17
PRODUCT_ID = JNCE_2018355_17C00017_V01
SPACECRAFT_ALTITUDE = 15092.3 km
SPACECRAFT_NAME = JUNO
SUB_SPACECRAFT_LATITUDE = 55.4658
SUB_SPACECRAFT_LONGITUDE = 138.6954
TITLE = PJ17 Jet N5
Resolution at nadir: ~10.2 km/pixel

[Sean]

Comparing true-ish color to enhanced... using Brian's process, Gerald's process and some tinkering from me...

[Guest_avisolo_*]

Kinda like the vibe of the raw version of #17:
https://i.imgur.com/H9jCoBk.png

[jccwrt]

My take on #016, using Gerald's drafts. Warped the color channels a little for better alignment and removed the slight parabolic curve from the horizon.


Folded Filamentary Regions - Juno

[Sean]

More from the early sequence...

Brian Swift...


Gerald Eichstadt...

[Sean]

Details...






Compare...

[mcaplinger]

Y'all may want to take a peek at the Io images just posted on missionjuno.

[elakdawalla]

There's a whole bunch of new moony images!

[Sean]

update using Brian's script + mild process...

[Sean]

Moons

Brian's script... I've upscaled these 300%
PJ17_02


PJ17_03


PJ17_04


PJ17_05


PJ17_06

there is a color channel astray in this last frame

[mcaplinger]

I think your processing may be filtering out an interesting aspect of the Io images, especially pj17-006.

[Sean]

Direct result from Brian's script without any additional processing by me ( except cropping )

I can see a bright-ish dot in the center of one of the moons... and a bright flare on the other ( PJ17_06 )

PJ17_02


PJ17_03


PJ17_04


PJ17_04


PJ17_05


PJ17_05


PJ17_06


PJ17_06

[mcaplinger]

Where's Jason Perry when you need him?

[mcaplinger]

I can see a bright-ish dot in the center of one of the moons... and a bright flare on the other ( PJ17_06 )

The "flare" is a blooming artifact, ignore it.

[Bjorn Jonsson]

This is image PJ17_13 in two different versions:



At left is an approximately true color/contrast version. The version at right is also approximately true color/contrast but the effects of the variable illumination have been removed. This reveals details in dimly lit areas near the terminator, including on the night side just beyond the terminator (there the night side is faintly illuminated by scattered light from Jupiter's sky). The bluish color near the terminator in the image at right is a processing artifact and not a real feature.

[Sean]

Latest from Perijove 17 using Brian's script...

PJ17_22, 23, 24 ( true / enhanced )

[mcaplinger]

https://www.swri.org/press-release/light-fr...no-jupiter-moon

A team of space scientists has captured new images of a volcanic plume on Jupiter’s moon Io during the Juno mission’s 17th flyby of the gas giant.

[climber]

Thanks Mike. They are suprised Juno can detect plumes but they don’t provide the distance from the spacecraft to Io. Anyone get the information?
Thanks

[mcaplinger]

They are suprised Juno can detect plumes but they don’t provide the distance from the spacecraft to Io.

I didn't have much to do with this press release.

If you read the Junocam image caption, it says "The image... was acquired at 12:20 (UTC) on Dec. 21, 2018. The Juno spacecraft was approximately 300,000 km from Io."

[volcanopele]

SPICE Geometry calculator is your friend:

https://wgc.jpl.nasa.gov:8443/webgeocalc/

46.9298 N, 75.3948 W
299,083 km

Sorry Mike, I had a lot of family in town for the holidays so I haven't been keeping up with Juno lately (besides I usually focus on JIRAM data when it hits the PDS). Congrats to your team on an amazing photo of a plume!

Now that I am back at work, I get a nice Io diversion! YAY!

Plume is from Chalybes Regio eruption, btw. Most significant post-NH eruption, has been ongoing since October 2008. I'm focusing mostly on the JIRAM image from the press release. I can say that the brightest hotspot is not Chalybes Regio, but Tvashtar, so that one is active again (it's been pretty quiescent for much of the Juno mission)

[stevesliva]

Plume is from Chalybes Regio eruption, btw. Most significant post-NH eruption, has been ongoing since October 2008. I'm focusing mostly on the JIRAM image from the press release. I can say that the brightest hotspot is not Chalybes Regio, but Tvashtar, so that one is active again (it's been pretty quiescent for much of the Juno mission)

This says so much with few words. Thanks! The image release had little geological context.

[volcanopele]

Best I could do with the JIRAM image. brightest hotspot is Tvashtar (but that's not the plume, Chalybes is). other bright hotspots include Chalybes 1, Chalybes 2, Zal, Janus, Vivasvant, W Zal, Amirani, Gishbar, and Tawhaki.

[mcaplinger]

The image release had little geological context.

Mostly because none of us know as much about Io as Jason does. I spent several hours on Christmas looking at maps of Io and trying to figure it out without much luck.

[volcanopele]

Understandable. The volcano is new since Galileo and New Horizons so the area doesn't scream "major volcano" on maps.

[stevesliva]

Mostly because none of us know as much about Io as Jason does. I spent several hours on Christmas looking at maps of Io and trying to figure it out without much luck.

You'd catch hell for speculating. I know. Wasn't supposed to be an indictment! I'm just more amazed at how many questions were anticipated and answered in a single line. Like Jason's last post... he's repeating himself.

[volcanopele]

This is a very preliminary overlay between the JunoCAM image and a basemap. I'll want to actually dig into the raw data to I can be sure that all images are scaled more accurately, but again, shows that the plume is coming from Chalybes Regio. Looks like the source region? Nope, that end seems to move a bit from perijove to perijove so maybe that's the flow front? Consistent with most other Io plumes.

[climber]

For scale context, our Moon would have shown 2,5 times smaller from this distance.
I better understand JunoCam capabilties now.

[jccwrt]

Here's #024, modified from Gerald's drafts. It captures the NEB from an altitude of ~5000 km.

North Equatorial Belt - JunoCam

It looks like a moon shadow (likely Thebe's, if it is a shadow) is passing over the cloudtops at center right - this feature is also present in images #022 and #023 and appears to be slowly moving based on its position relative to the dark streamer beside it. Amalthea's eclipse shadow is also visible along the horizon in image #023.

[Gerald]

Wow, you've all been rather busy, while I've been offline a few days!

Here is a link to drafts with the moon images during approach, and of part 2 close-ups.
And here reprojections of the close-ups, part 2.

Here is a jpg copy of #18:


I may continue upload of jpg copies in a few hours. In the meanwhile, you may ponder about possible moonlet shadows in images #22 to #24. I think, the shadow near the limb is real, while another candidate appears to be at a constant location, hence presumably something else.

[Gerald]

... upload continued ...
#19:

[Gerald]

#20, #21:

[Gerald]

#21, #22:

[Gerald]

#23, and #24:

[Gerald]

Here an annotated version of #23, with arrows pointing to moonlet shadow candidates:

I've rendered cylindrical maps of images #22, 23, and 24. They showed, that the upper candidate in the rendition didn't move in a perceivable way. So, probably only the lower arrow is pointing to an actual shadow.

[Kevin Gill]

Some images from my pipeline. Replaced the perspective camera render in OpenGL that I was using with the panorama camera in Blender. I'm still working on the specific camera settings that I like and will try to automate it as much as possible (I'm currently doing the Blender part manually).











And with a equirectangular panorama:

[mcaplinger]

Some images from my pipeline.

Wow, those are amazing!

[Gerald]

Here are today's three new images:


PNG version.
According drafts.

[Kevin Gill]

Wow, those are amazing!

Thanks!

And I'm finally able to create an overview strip using Sean's layout:

Perijove 17 Jupiter Overview as of Jan 3 2019

[Sean]

Lovely work Kevin.

Here is an enhanced product based on Gerald's outputs...

PJ17_18 detail

[Sean]

Enhanced sequence from Gerald's output...

[Bjorn Jonsson]

Image PJ17_21 in approximately true color/contrast versions. In terms of color and field of view these are very roughly comparable to what might be obtained with a regular consumer type camera (or even a phone). However, the resolution is a bit lower.



Enhanced versions:




Metadata:

IMAGE_TIME = 2018-12-21T16:56:30.184
MISSION_PHASE_NAME = PERIJOVE 17
PRODUCT_ID = JNCE_2018355_17C00021_V01
SPACECRAFT_ALTITUDE = 6209.8 km
SPACECRAFT_NAME = JUNO
SUB_SPACECRAFT_LATITUDE = 30.8783
SUB_SPACECRAFT_LONGITUDE = 152.7168
TITLE = PJ17 North Temperate Belt
Resolution at nadir: ~4.2 km/pixel

[jccwrt]

Here's a processed version of Gerald's draft #22, which includes a candidate moon shadow along the northern edge of the NEB at about the 1 o'clock position.

JunoCam - Perijove over the North Equatorial Belt by Justin Cowart, on Flickr

If it is a shadow it shows little visible motion (if any) against the cloud tops in the 4 minutes of observation, but a map-projected version of these images is probably necessary to double check. I haven't been able to find a way to check this hypothesis other than Jupiter Viewer - Thebe is about in the right place but there's not enough information to determine if its sub-Sun point falls on Jupiter. It could just be a lookalike cyclone core (see Machi's post in the Voyager thread)

There is a real moon shadow on the southern horizon though, which is undoubtedly Amalthea. Here's a cropped image to give it the limelight:

[Gerald]

PJ17, part 4, drafts.
It will probably take a few more hours, until I'll have completed the according reprojections, well, unless I'll fall asleep during work after midnight.

[Gerald]

Reprojections of the RGBs are online.
The timelapse sequence shows some processing artifacts near the GRS, side effects of the patching algorithm for camera artifacts and energetic particle impacts.

Here the first 10 images of part 4, starting with
#28, #29,
#30, #31:

[Gerald]

#32, #33, #34:

[Gerald]

#35, #36, and #37:

[jccwrt]

Image #40, processed from Gerald's drafts. Interesting to note that Oval BA ('Little Red Spot') is currently passing south of the GRS. Interesting to note that it shows very little coloration in this image, especially relative to previous JunoCam images where the system has a brownish core. It's especially interesting in comparison to the planning maps on the SwRI site, which appear to show a reddish Oval BA relative to the South Tropical Zone as recently as August. Definitely worth monitoring to see if a weakening trend is in progress.

[Sean]

PJ17_41 from Brian Swift output


and PJ17_40 + lightly processed


...PJ17_37 + enhanced

[Sean]

PJ17_38 after Gerald...

[Bjorn Jonsson]

Image PJ17_36 in an approximately true color/contrast version and an enhanced version. The Great Red Spot and Oval BA are prominent:



As has been mentioned above, the color of Oval BA has faded a lot recently. It's still slightly more reddish/yellowish than the whitish zones whereas in e.g. the Voyager images, the color of the three ovals that later merged to form Oval BA was very similar to the color of the zones. It seems to me that the color has now become somewhat similar to the color of Oval BA in the Cassini images of Jupiter (this needs to be checked more carefully though).

And this a reprojected version of the same image. It simulates the view of Jupiter from Earth:

[Kevin Gill]

Draft Overview of Perijove 17


Overview of Juno's Perijove 17

[ElkGroveDan]

Draft Overview of Perijove 17

Nice!

[MatthewK]

Thank you all for these stunning images - I've been mesmerised by Jupiter's beauty for 40 years and this is bringing the wonder back.

[Sean]

PJ17 Oval BA animation


Made with 9 frame reprojection by Gerald

[Sean]

PJ17_34-38


5 frame reprojection from Gerald

[GS_Brazil]

Full inline quote with large image removed- Admin

Great animation! These 9 frames cover how many hours?

[Sean]

start / end

PJ17_32: 17:24 UT

PJ17_40: 18:07 UT

[Sean]

PJ17_GRS animation


9 frames / 32-40

Made from Gerald's reprojected stack.

[Sean]

Detail from PJ17_34-38

[Sean]

PJ17_35 after Gerald...

[Bjorn Jonsson]

Two images showing details from PJ17_21. Compared to the original data this is enlarged by a factor of 3:



These are approximately true color/contrast images but the brightness of the haze and blue sky at the limb has been increased slightly relative to the brightest parts of the image (the contrast in the brightest areas is also slightly reduced as a result of this). The processing reveals that the amount of limb haze is variable.

[JRehling]

The GRS animation made me shiver. Wow. I'll be watching this again and again.

[Bjorn Jonsson]

The GRS animation is awesome, especially when one considers the oblique viewing angle of the original images.

But here are approximately true color/contrast and enhanced versions of image PJ17_27 ("PJ17 Equatorial Zone south"):





Juno's orbit is evolving and it's obvious from the PJ17 images that the viewing geometry is now significantly less favorable for imaging around the time of closest approach than it was earlier in the mission. The majority of the original PJ17_27 image data contains black space. If I understand correctly what's happening, this is going to get even less favorable but eventually things start getting better again (I suspect that may happen within a year but I haven't checked the SPICE reference trajectory yet).

[Kevin Gill]

Composite of JNCE_2018355_17C00038_V01 & JNCE_2018355_17C00040_V01, from the perspective/location of the former.

Been getting much better results since dropping my own renderer and using Blender.


Jupiter - Perijove 17

[Gerald]

Here is an intermediate breadcrumb of one of the topics I'm currently working on, that's analysing the dynamics of Jovian weather systems on the basis of JunoCam image pairs:

This is an excerpt of an analysis of pixel displacement fields, here applied to PJ17 Oval BA.
The upper left image is describing a steady vector potential, based on the two maps in the bottom row. This can be interpreted as the solenoid (divergence-free) component of a steady 2D-flow. The upper right is the amount of the first derivative of the vector potential, hence describes kind of a velocity. The other tiles try to visualize the vector potential and the derived velocity field.
Some disclaimers: I'm going to translate this into physically meaningful units. The velocity maps will look a little different after considering map distortions and proper scaling. So, be careful, when trying to interprete these intermediate products. The results are also subject to various systematic and statistical effects, which need to be specified and quantified for any scientifically meaningful interpretation. Nothing of this is substantially peer-reviewed. All errors are mine.
The answer to the frequently asked question of which software I'm using: A C++ compiler. Almost everything is proprietary and implemented from scratch on the basis of C-standard libraries like stdio.h or math.h. Runtime for the small example above was on the order of 100 CPU core hours. (I know, that GPUs exist. But I'm ready to write shader code only for simple algorithms.) For access to SPICE kernels, I'm saving s/c trajectory position data to text files using the NAIF/SPICE utility spy.exe.

[Xerxes]

(I know, that GPUs exist. But I'm ready to write shader code only for simple algorithms.)

Shader code? I'm afraid your conception of GPU programming is about 15 years out of date! CUDA is an ideal match for this kind of work, and even something simple like OpenMP might do well. I highly recommend that you check it out.

[Gerald]

Thanks! I'll consider CUDA or something similar for some portions of the upcoming tasks. GPU code might make sense in some cases, multithreading doesn't. I can easily load the CPUs of a given number of computers with 100% by just starting an arbitrary number of parallel processes, if I like. The above analysis is based on 300 runs distributed over the CPU cores available for the job.

[Kevin Gill]

Another composite of Perijove 17 images, this time using JNCE_2018355_17C00035_V01 & JNCE_2018355_17C00039_V01. Using the camera perspective of the former.

Lots of blending and color/contrast enhancement.


Jupiter - Perijove 17

[tanjent]

Is the great red spot really rotating noticeably in just the brief time interval of a fraction of a Perijove flyover?
I think it must be an artifact of the changing viewing angle, but Sean's GIF animation surely does give the appearance of turning a couple of degrees.

[Gerald]

The analysis of the cloud velocity field of Oval BA in post #71 is based on two images taken within about 10 minutes. The white arrows represent the infered motion within 10 hours. The velocity field can be determined in a meaningful quantitative way from images taken within 10 real-time minutes. Sean's animation is covering a longer time interval. So, the answer is a clear yes. Here the set of maps Seán's animation is derived from. They require some additional registering. But it's well feasible.
Here is an animation of the south polar region during PJ15.
Or here a denoised MP4 version.
Here a +/-25 days steady flow extrapolation, also infered from a south polar PJ15 image pair.

... and here a preliminary analysis of a larger region, on the basis of two PJ17 images.

[tanjent]

If a pole-to-pole pass takes about 90 minutes, it will be difficult to remain within camera range of any point in the low latitudes for more than 10 minutes, won't it? For polar regions there should be more time to register motion, but still the fact that you can infer so much longer-term dynamics from the available comparisons is remarkable. It testifies to the quality of both the optics and the processing. Very nice work.

[Gerald]

Thanks! Near closest approach, it's very hard to retrieve any dynamical data. There, we get a mixture of dynamics and parallax. Thus far, I've been able to retrieve meaningful dynamical data from image pairs taken within six minutes, when the geometry between images isn't changing too much. For closest approach with 3,500 km above the cloud tops, the viewing angle is changing by 120 degrees or so within two minutes. I think, that for those images, it's easier to retrive 3D stereo data than dynamics. But usually, those images are too blurred and of low contrast to find significant displacement fields. At least, it's quite a bit harder to analyse them properly. As a rule of thumb, I'd say, that for ususal perijove passes, it's possible to retrieve more or less reliable velocity data outside +/-45 degrees latitude relative to the latitude of closest approach. Since this closest approach is shifting northward with each PJ pass, the quality of the data for an analysis of the southern hemisphere, including the latitude range of the GRS is improving. But I'm not yet quite at the very limit of processing the images. So, it might be possible to extend the analysis of the dynamics a little further towards the point of closest approach. I'll continue to try.

[Gerald]

PJ17 flyby is on youtube.
Here the MP4 version, MP4 scenes, and stills.
Near closest approach, there are some visible alignment inaccuracies between the blended scenes. I hope, that you can forgive me.

[Sean]

I forgive you Gerald!

[Sean]

Composite made from animation stills...

[Sean]

4k upscale test ( using a new method ) of Gerald's recent PJ17 animation sequence...


4k version on Youtube

...some adjustments to apply before final.

[Sean]

2 frame composite...

[Sean]

2 frame composite...

[Sean]

2 frame composite...

[Brian Swift]

My take on GRS/Oval animation using frames 34 to 40. (Large size submitted to MissionJuno)

[Brian Swift]

360° VR, 8K PJ17 Flyover Time-lapse posted to https://youtu.be/sWnhrBj-PI4

[nprev]

Beautiful work, Brian, thanks!

[Brian Swift]

Collage of PJ17 images, exaggerated color/contrast.
You can download and explore the full resolution (21920-by-15334) image from Flickr.
PJ17 Jupiter Image Collage, Exaggerated Color/Contrast by bswift, on Flickr

[Steve G]

Mission extension requested for close flybys of Io, Europa, and Ganymede. Keep your fingers crossed.

https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/10/12/juno-...jupiters-moons/