from HiRise data . abstract only
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Icar..221..436Q
Here's a link to another interesting article on the Martian sub-surface, posted just this week. It shows views of drainage channels flowing acroos the surface, and seemingly terminating in large caverns. Indications are that the caverns were carved in permafrost, which the article states has a similar permeability to limestone.
http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1112742794/mars-caverns-flood-water-120512/
Here are the images, courtesy of the Planetary Science Institute
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