Spear, Ultraviolet telescope satellite Options

[ljk4-1]

To quote from Microcom's Space Newsfeed for Spetember 28, 2003:

http://www.spacenewsfeed.co.uk/2003/28September2003.html

BilSat-1, KAISTSat-4, Larets, Mozhayets-4, NigeriaSat-1 and UK-DMC

Launched: 27 September 2003
Site: Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russia
Launcher: Kosmos 3M

International Number: 2003-042?
Orbit: LEO, apogee: 681 km, perigee: 664 km: inclination: 98.2°
Name: BilSat-1
Owner: Tubitak-ODTU Bilten (Turkey)
Contractor: Surrey Satellite Technology

International Number: 2003-042?
Orbit: LEO, apogee: 681 km, perigee: 664 km: inclination: 98.2°
Name: KAISTSat-4
Contractor: Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST)

International Number: 2003-042?
Orbit: LEO, apogee: 681 km, perigee: 664 km: inclination: 98.2°
Name: Larets

International Number: 2003-042?
Orbit: LEO, apogee: 681 km, perigee: 664 km: inclination: 98.2°
Name: Mozhayets-4

International Number: 2003-042?
Orbit: LEO, apogee: 681 km, perigee: 664 km: inclination: 98.2°
Name: NigeriaSat-1
Owner: National Space Research & Development Agency (Nigeria)
Contractor: Surrey Satellite Technology

International Number: 2003-042?
Orbit: LEO, apogee: 681 km, perigee: 664 km: inclination: 98.2°
Name: UK-DMC
Owner: British National Space Centre (BNSC)
Contractor: Surrey Satellite Technology

This Kosmos 3M launch placed six microsatellites into LEO.

Three of the satellites launched (BilSat-1, NigeriaSat-1 and UK-DMC) will form part of the Disaster Monitoring Constellation. Each satellite has a mass of about 100 kg. The first satellite in the constellation, AlSAT-1, was launched last November and is now fully operational.

KAISTSat-4 will carry the SPEAR (Spectroscopy of Plasma Evolution from Astrophysical Radiation) ultraviolet telescope which will measure the glow over the whole sky from gas between the stars that has been heated by supernova blast waves, blazing hot stars and colliding interstellar clouds. The satellite will also carry other experiments to measure energetic particles bombarding the Earth's atmosphere and causing auroras. SPEAR also will work in conjunction with these experiments by looking downward to capture the auroral ultraviolet emissions. SPEAR will gaze away from the sun and, during the course of a year, steadily scan a thin wedge of the sky from north to south, moving one degree each day to complete a full-sky map in the far ultraviolet. For the second year, SPEAR will concentrate on particularly fascinating features in the sky that were identified in the all-sky survey.

[ljk4-1]

Paper: astro-ph/0601583

Date: Thu, 26 Jan 2006 01:14:24 GMT (594kb)

Title: Far-ultraviolet Observations of the North Ecliptic Pole with SPEAR

Authors: Eric J. Korpela (1), Jerry Edelstein (1), Julia Kregenow (1), Kaori
Nishikida (1), Kyoung-Wook Min (2), Dae-Hee Lee (2,3), Kwangsun Ryu (2),
Wonyong Han (3) Uk-Won Nam (3), Jang-Hyun Park (3) ((1) Space Sciences
Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, (2) Korea Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea, (3) Korea Astronomy and Space
Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea)

Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
\\
We present SPEAR/FIMS far-ultraviolet observations near the North Ecliptic
Pole. This area, at b~30 degrees and with intermediate HI column, seems to be a
fairly typical line of sight that is representative of general processes in the
diffuse ISM. We detect a surprising number of emission lines of many elements
at various ionization states representing gas phases from the warm neutral
medium (WNM) to the hot ionized medium (HIM). We also detect fluorescence bands
of H2, which may be due to the ubiquitous diffuse H2 previously observed in
absorption.

\\ ( http://arXiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0601583 , 594kb)


Paper: astro-ph/0601584

Date: Thu, 26 Jan 2006 02:28:54 GMT (624kb)

Title: Far-UV Observations of a Thermal Interface in the Orion-Eridanus
Superbubble

Authors: J. Kregenow, J. Edelstein, E. Korpela, B. Welsh, C. Heiles, K. Ryu, K.
Min, Y. Lim, I. Yuk, H. Jin, K. Seon

Comments: 4 pages, 4 figures Accepted to ApJLetters
\\
Diffuse far-UV emission arising from the edge of the Orion-Eridanus
superbubble was observed with the SPEAR imaging spectrometer, revealing
numerous emission lines arising from both atomic species and H2. Spatial
variations in line intensities of CIV, SiII, and OVI, in comparison with soft
X-ray, H-alpha and dust data, indicate that these ions are associated with
processes at the interface between hot gas inside the bubble and the cooler
ambient medium. Thus our observations probe physical conditions of an evolved
thermal interface in the ISM.

\\ ( http://arXiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0601584 , 624kb)

[ljk4-1]

Paper: astro-ph/0601585

Date: Thu, 26 Jan 2006 02:33:09 GMT (803kb)

Title: Morpho-kinematic modeling of gaseous nebulae with SHAPE

Authors: Wolfgang Steffen, Jose Alberto Lopez

Comments: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in RevMexAA, some
figures are low resolution for packing adequate for the arXive (see
http://www.astrosen.unam.mx/~wsteffen for highres version.)
\\
We present a powerful new tool to analyse and disentangle the 3-D geometry
and kinematic structure of gaseous nebulae. The method consists in combining
commercially available digital animation software to simulate the 3-D structure
and expansion pattern of the nebula with a dedicated, purpose built rendering
software that produces the final images and long slit spectra which are
compared to the real data. We show results for the complex planetary nebulae
NGC 6369 and Abell 30 based on long slit spectra obtained at the San Pedro
Martir observatory.

\\ ( http://arXiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0601585 , 803kb)

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Paper: astro-ph/0601586

Date: Thu, 26 Jan 2006 17:52:16 GMT (207kb)

Title: Far Ultraviolet Spectral Images of the Vela Supernova Remnant

Authors: K. Nishikida, J. Edelstein, E. J. Korpela, R. Sankrit, W. M.
Feuerstein, K. W. Min, J-H. Shinn, D-H. Lee, I-S. Yuk, H. Jin, K-I. Seon

Comments: Accepted by ApJL
\\
We present far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectral-imaging observations of the Vela
supernova remnant (SNR), obtained with the Spectroscopy of Plasma Evolution
from Astrophysical Radiation (SPEAR) instrument, also known as FIMS. The Vela
SNR extends 8 degrees in the FUV and its global spectra are dominated by
shock-induced emission lines. We find that the global FUV line luminosities can
exceed the 0.1-2.5 keV soft X-ray luminosity by an order of magnitude. The
global O VI:C III ratio shows that the Vela SNR has a relatively large fraction
of slower shocks compared with the Cygnus Loop.

\\ ( http://arXiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0601586 , 207kb)

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Paper: astro-ph/0601587

Date: Thu, 26 Jan 2006 05:12:50 GMT (417kb)

Title: The Spectroscopy of Plasma Evolution from Astrophysical Radiation
Mission

Authors: J. Edelstein, K. W. Min, W. Han, E. J. Korpela, K. Nishikida, B.Y.
Welsh, C. Heiles, J. Adolfo, M. Bowen, W.M. Feuerstein, K. McKee, J.-T. Lim,
K. Ryu, J.-H. Shinn, U.-W. Nam, J.-H. Park, I.-S. Yuk, H. Jin, K.I Seon, D.H.
Lee, E. Sim
\\
The Spectroscopy of Plasma Evolution from Astrophysical Radiation (or the
Far-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph) instruments, flown aboard the STSAT-1
satellite mission, have provided the first large-area spectral mapping of the
cosmic far ultraviolet (FUV, lambda 900-1750 Ang) background. We observe
diffuse radiation from hot (10^4 to 10^6 K) and ionized plasmas, molecular
hydrogen, and dust scattered starlight. These data provide for the
unprecedented detection and discovery of spectral emission from a variety of
interstellar environments, including the general medium, molecular clouds,
supernova remnants, and super-bubbles. We describe the mission and its data,
present an overview of the diffuse FUV sky's appearance and spectrum, and
introduce the scientific findings detailed later in this volume.

\\ ( http://arXiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0601587 , 417kb)

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Paper: astro-ph/0601588

Date: Thu, 26 Jan 2006 06:01:05 GMT (133kb)

Title: The SPEAR Instrument and On-Orbit Performance

Authors: Jerry Edelstein, Eric Korpela, Joe Adolfo, Mark Bowen, Michael
Feuerstein, Jeffrey Hull, Sharon Jelinsky, Kaori Nishikida, Ken McKee, Peter
Berg, Ray Chung, Jorg Fischer, Kyoung-Wook Min, Seung-Han Oh, Jin-Guen Rhee,
Kwangsun Ryu, Jong-Ho Shinn, Wonyong Han, Ho Jin, Dae-Hee Lee, Uk-Won Nam,
Jang-Hyun Park, Kwang-Il Seon, In-Soo Yuk
\\
The SPEAR (or 'FIMS') instrumentation has been used to conduct the first
large-scale spectral mapping of diffuse cosmic far ultraviolet (FUV, 900-1750
AA) emission, including important diagnostics of interstellar hot (10^4 K -
10^6 K) and photoionized plasmas, H_2, and dust scattered starlight. The
instrumentation's performance has allowed for the unprecedented detection of
astrophysical diffuse far UV emission lines. A spectral resolution of 550 and
an imaging resolution of 5' is achieved on-orbit in the Short (900 - 1175 AA)
and Long (1335 - 1750 AA) bandpass channels within their respective 7.4 deg x
4.3' and 4.0 deg x 4.6' fields of view. We describe the SPEAR imaging
spectrographs, their performance, and the nature and handling of their data.

\\ ( http://arXiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0601588 , 133kb)

Paper: astro-ph/0601590

Date: Thu, 26 Jan 2006 08:40:27 GMT (875kb)

Title: Molecular Hydrogen Fluorescence in the Eridanus Superbubble

Authors: K. Ryu, K. W. Min, J. W. Park, D. H. Lee, W. Han, U. W. Nam, J. H.
Park, J. Edelstein, E. J. Korpela, K. Nishikida, and E. F. van Dishoeck

Comments: 10 pages, 3 figures, apjl accepted
\\
The first FUV (lambda lambda 1350-1750 A) spectral imaging observations of
the Eridanus superbubble, obtained with the SPEAR/FIMS mission, have revealed
distinct fluorescent emission from molecular hydrogen. In this study, the
observed emission features were compared with those from a photo-dissociation
region model with assumed illuminating stellar fields. The result showed rather
high line ratios of I_{1580}/I_{1610}, which may imply the existence of
high-temperature molecular clouds in the region. The H_2 fluorescence intensity
showed a proportional correlation with H-alpha emission, indicating that the
fluorescence and the recombination emission have similar physical origins.

\\ ( http://arXiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0601590 , 875kb)

[ljk4-1]

Paper: astro-ph/0601615

Date: Thu, 26 Jan 2006 20:48:44 GMT (513kb)

Title: SPEAR Far Ultraviolet Spectral Images of the Cygnus Loop

Authors: Kwang-Il Seon, Wonyong Han, Uk-Won Nam, Jang-Hyun Park, Jerry
Edelstein, Eric J. Korpela, Ravi Sankrit, Kyoung-Wook Min, Kwangsun Ryu, and
Il-Joong Kim

Comments: 13 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJL
\\
We present far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectral images, measured at C IV 1550, He
II 1640, Si IV+O IV] 1400, and O III] 1664, of the entire Cygnus Loop, observed
with the Spectroscopy of Plasma Evolution from Astrophysical Radiation (SPEAR)
instrument, also known as FIMS. The spatial distribution of FUV emission
generally corresponds with a limb-brightened shell, and is similar to optical,
radio and X-ray images. The features found in the present work include a
``carrot'', diffuse interior, and breakout features, which have not been seen
in previous FUV studies. Shock velocities of 140-160 km/s is found from a line
ratio of O IV] to O III], which is insensitive not only to resonance scattering
but also to elemental abundance. The estimated velocity indicates that the fast
shocks are widespread across the remnant. By comparing various line ratios with
steady-state shock models, it is also shown that the resonance scattering is
widespread.

\\ ( http://arXiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0601615 , 513kb)