Printable Version of Topic

Click here to view this topic in its original format

Unmanned Spaceflight.com _ Telescopic Observations _ Gaia making a 3D-map of a Billion stars

Posted by: GravityWaves Apr 1 2006, 07:38 PM

Have you guys heard about this one ?

Gaia observatory
http://www.newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=1443
http://www.bautforum.com/showthread.php?t=12295

QUOTE
"The satellite will determine the position, colour and true motion of one thousand million stars and over 100,000 objects in our Solar System. Gaia will also identify as many as 10,000 planets around other stars. "
QUOTE
"Gaia will measure distance (from parallax) out to ~100,000 parsecs; for stars ~10,000 pc away, with a Vmag of ~<15, Gaia will measure their distances accurate to ~10-20%."

You can also read about it here
http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n0407/06mapping/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaia_probe

or check the European space site

Posted by: GravityWaves Apr 12 2006, 07:32 AM

Galactic census project
http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=28820
http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMZ4E1A6BD_index_0.html

Posted by: PhilCo126 Jun 6 2007, 08:21 PM

What's the difference here with what HIPPARCOS did in the 1990s ?

Posted by: edstrick Jun 8 2007, 06:52 AM

Far, far more targets, more color information for classification, much higher precision, radial velocity spectra of probably more targets than Hipparcos got in it's entire catalog.

Posted by: Mongo Jun 9 2007, 03:08 AM

Indeed. By the end of its mission, GAIA will have mapped the 3D positions of the stars occupying a substantial portion of the entire galaxy. The benefits are many -- one that jumps to mind is that the distances to numerous Cepheids will be known to much higher accuracy than is currently the case, resulting in a much more well-established extragalactic distance scale.

Bill

Posted by: GravityWaves Jun 14 2008, 04:06 PM

Testing the Gaia tracking concept
http://gaia.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=42754

QUOTE
What has all this to do with NASA's WMAP? Well, the ground-based optical tracking concept must of course be tested. Like WMAP, Gaia will be located at the second Earth-Sun Lagrange point L2, about 1.5 million kilometres from Earth. Like Gaia, WMAP has a deployable sunshield, partly covered with insulation material and partly with solar panels. The Gaia shield is about 11 metres in diameter and inclined by 45° to the Sun direction, that of WMAP is about 4.5 metres and inclined by 22.5°. With all these parameters, WMAP is a reasonable (photo-)model for the brightness and observability of Gaia. If the sunshield materials were strictly the same, and the proportion of insulation and solar panel areas similar, WMAP could be expected to be roughly 1.5-2 magnitudes fainter than Gaia. The actual brightness difference is still uncertain to some degree, however.

Posted by: GravityWaves Feb 2 2009, 06:26 PM

Cornell Uni Library
http://eprintweb.org/S/article/astro-ph/0812.2354
arXiv

The promise of Gaia and how it will influence stellar ages

Carla Cacciari

Abstract. The Gaia space project, planned for launch in 2011, is one of the ESA cornerstone missions, and will provide astrometric, photometric and spectroscopic data of very high quality for about one billion stars brighter than V=20. This will allow to reach an unprecedented level of information and knowledge on several of the most fundamental astrophysical issues, such as mapping of the Milky Way, stellar physics (classification and parameterization), Galactic kinematics and dynamics, study of the resolved stellar populations in the Local Group, distance scale and age of the Universe, dark matter distribution (potential tracers), reference frame (quasars, astrometry), planet detection, fundamental physics, Solar physics, Solar system science. I will present a description of the instrument and its main characteristics, and discuss a few specific science cases where Gaia data promise to contribute fundamental improvement within the scope of this Symposium.

Posted by: GravityWaves Feb 18 2009, 03:31 PM

pancam.gif
http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=44228
cool.gif

Posted by: GravityWaves Dec 17 2009, 07:45 PM

Gaia to lift off from Europe’s Spaceport on a Soyuz launcher

http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMOVL9K73G_index_0.html

Posted by: PhilCo126 Dec 18 2009, 12:12 PM

That's the first step...
On ESA's Gaia space operations page the launch date is still set for December 2011 although other websites mention spring 2012.
http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Operations/SEMK5HZTIVE_0.html

Posted by: GravityWaves Jul 6 2010, 04:20 PM

Scientific Community Makes GREAT Progress Towards Gaia

http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Scientific_Community_Makes_GREAT_Progress_Towards_Gaia_999.html

Posted by: Holder of the Two Leashes Jan 2 2013, 04:29 PM

According to Spaceflight Now, Gaia is now scheduled for launch on September 29th with a Soyuz rocket at the French Guiana launch site.


Posted by: Holder of the Two Leashes Jun 21 2013, 06:02 PM

Now this is unusual. Back on May 24th Spaceflight Now revised their launch schedule and moved Soyuz/Gaia forward ten days. According to them, launch of Gaia will now occur on September 19th.

http://www.spaceflightnow.com/tracking/index.html

Edit 6/24: BUMMER! The launch schedule got updated again just three days after this posting, and Gaia was pushed waaaayyy back. Late in the year, no definite date.

Update 6/28: Spacecraft is complete, tested, and ready to ship out.

http://sci.esa.int/gaia/51955-journal-12-flight-model-testing-completed/

http://sci.esa.int/gaia/51978-europe-bids-gaia-a-safe-journey/

Update 8/8:
According to the latest GAIA -DPAC newsletter, they are going to ship most of the spacecraft out in early September, with the sunshield sent to South America a few days later. They are aiming to launch during the time period Nov 17th to Dec 5th.

Update 8/24

Most of the spacecraft has now arrived in French Guiana, and Spaceflight Now has a pretty good article about that, launch preparations and the mission as a whole.

http://www.spaceflightnow.com/soyuz/vs07/130823shipment/

And now Gaia has its own blog site:

http://blogs.esa.int/gaia/

Posted by: antoniseb Nov 12 2013, 03:36 PM

I saw on the ESA Gaia web page that they are replacing some part based on a problem on an already launched mission, and the new target launch date is Dec 20, 2013. Anyone know what the other craft was, and what the part is?

Posted by: Tom Womack Nov 12 2013, 03:43 PM

QUOTE (antoniseb @ Nov 12 2013, 03:36 PM) *
I saw on the ESA Gaia web page that they are replacing some part based on a problem on an already launched mission, and the new target launch date is Dec 20, 2013. Anyone know what the other craft was, and what the part is?


The part is a clock generator for an X-band transponder; equivalent parts apparently went wrong in some O3b Networks communications satellites launched in June.

Posted by: Holder of the Two Leashes Dec 16 2013, 07:39 PM

Gaia and its Soyuz rocket are on the launch pad, with the attempt to launch it set for this Thursday. It will be in the very early morning hours for most of us in North America. For those who want to get up (or stay up?) to watch, Spaceflight Now will carry live streaming video. Their mission status center for Gaia is at this http://www.spaceflightnow.com/soyuz/vs06/status.html. This will be the link for the liftoff as well.

Several websites for Gaia have recently been added or changed. Here is the recent list:

http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Gaia_overview
http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Gaia/Gaia_factsheet
http://sci.esa.int/gaia/
http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia (new web address)

Also:
http://www.arianespace.com/images/launch-kits/launch-kit-pdf-eng/VS06-launchkit-GB2.pdf (in English)

Posted by: Explorer1 Dec 19 2013, 07:51 AM

Launch in 90 minutes...

http://spaceflightnow.com/soyuz/vs06/status.html

Posted by: Hungry4info Dec 19 2013, 10:07 AM

Looks like launch was successful smile.gif

Posted by: helvick Dec 19 2013, 10:50 AM

Lots of rather odd (to me) claims being made about the resolution of Gaia's imaging system - Human hair at a thousand miles, penny on the moon etc. I've started to dig into the science instrument documents and the expected resolution of the astrometry is in the single digit micro-arcsecond range but I'm a bit at a loss as to how a ~1.45x0.9m telescope can get those results given diffraction limits.

So I assume there's some other techniques being brought to bear that allow it to get to a "resolution" 1000x Hubble at it's best and I'm assuming that the resolution only applies in the specific case of the task in hand.

Just asking in case anyone has any pointers to the maths\theory behind what they are doing. Will be looking myself and post as soon as I find something.

Posted by: Gerald Dec 19 2013, 01:36 PM

Without reading the documents, just as a hint how to look at the claims:
They won't be talking of resolution in the usual optical sense, meaning distinguishing two objects, but of the determination of the position of a star.
If you take a Gauss bell curve, you can determine the maximum/average with a much higher precision than separating two superposed bell curves, where you need about one sigma.
The other trick is using two telescopes to increase the effective aperture along one line; they originally intended to use interferometry, but seem to have found an even better solution.

Edit: You'll find much more detail in the http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/newsletter.

To add some more basis (http://www.cosmos.esa.int/documents/29201/295411/DPAC_NL_017.pdf/9ca68e6b-bf01-450f-ba37-7615344ef585):

QUOTE
Since Friedrich Bessel announced in 1844 that Sirius and Procyon had an unseen companion, it is well known that they can be detected through the wobble in the star proper motion. In fact, when the luminosities of the components are not very different, we do not observe the motion of the brightest star around the barycentre, but the motion of the photocentre, which is the luminosity centroid.

http://web.mit.edu/iachec/2008_Presentations/Pollock_Gaia.pdf.
http://www.astro.lu.se/~david/presentations/GaiaForAll_Hobbs_Lund08.pdf.
http://www.astro.lu.se/~david/posters/UweLammers.pdf.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10686-011-9248-z.

Posted by: Ron Hobbs Dec 19 2013, 03:11 PM

OMG.

Video of the launch of Gaia is awesome. It is informative, historical and just downright beautiful. It is the 1,813 launch of the an R-7 derived vehicle, the 6th from the Western Hemisphere. You can see the separation of the boosters, what the Russians call "Gagarin's Cross." As Gaia flies into the dawn, you can see the boosters fall away, looking like "twinkling stars."

Watch it full-screen and enjoy.

http://spaceinvideos.esa.int/Videos/2013/12/Gaia_launch_-_Lift-off

Posted by: pospa Dec 19 2013, 05:01 PM

QUOTE (Ron Hobbs @ Dec 19 2013, 04:11 PM) *
You can see the separation of the boosters, what the Russians call "Gagarin's Cross."

Wrong. They call it http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-7_(rocket_family)#Korolev_cross.

Posted by: Greenish Dec 19 2013, 06:06 PM

QUOTE (helvick @ Dec 19 2013, 05:50 AM) *
So I assume there's some other techniques being brought to bear that allow it to get to a "resolution" 1000x Hubble at it's best and I'm assuming that the resolution only applies in the specific case of the task in hand.

Gaia measures parallax. So the 'aperture' is up to the diameter of the Earth's orbit (EDIT: this is what allows accurate distance measurements. But as Gerald pointed out above, it is the use of two telescopes fixed at a well-known angle, repeatedly viewing a large swath of space -- plus some fancy math -- that allows angular precision well beyond telescopic diffraction limits).

Regarding the specifics of how they combine multiple measurements, in addition to the above links, this document is a good one: http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/ioa/iau_comm8/iau28/presentations/deBruijne.pdf (start with pg 2, "Gaia astrometry in one viewgraph")

Posted by: Ron Hobbs Dec 20 2013, 03:33 AM

QUOTE (pospa @ Dec 19 2013, 09:01 AM) *
Wrong. They call it http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-7_(rocket_family)#Korolev_cross.


You are so right. I knew I should have looked that up before I posted. Now we can see it over the Atlantic.

Posted by: Gerald Dec 20 2013, 08:52 AM

https://twitter.com/ESAGaia

Posted by: Holder of the Two Leashes Jan 8 2014, 02:58 AM

According to the latest Tweets, Gaia has successfully completed its L2 injection burn and arrived at its destination.

In addition, the camera has been turned on and has sent its first images. Currently undergoing quite a bit of testing, but so far it looks good too.

Article on the camera testing at this http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/news_20140106.

Update: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Gaia/Gaia_enters_its_operational_orbit.

Well, now it's going to be a few years ...

Posted by: Doug M. Feb 7 2014, 09:56 PM

GAIA is going through shakedown -- testing and calibration. (That's supposed to last until May, I gather.) So they just posted a first test image: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Gaia/Gaia_comes_into_focus. Apparently there won't be a lot of these, since making images isn't what GAIA is about.


Doug M.

Posted by: Tom Womack Feb 8 2014, 12:19 AM

http://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/display?image=hst_06277_01_wfpc2_f814w_wf%2Chst_06277_01_wfpc2_f555w_wf%2Chst_06277_01_wfpc2_f336w_wf&size=2150,2150&izoom=1.000000&detector=WFPC2&aperture=PC1-FIX&title=06277_01%20WFPC2%20F814W%2FF555W%2FF336W%20(color)%20NGC1818

is the equivalent image from Hubble; I'm guessing they're using NGC1818 as a calibration target because it has the very distinct red and blue star series that you can see in the Hubble shot

Posted by: SteveM Jun 17 2014, 02:45 AM

Good overview of current understanding of Gaia's stray light problem and its effects on observations.
http://blogs.esa.int/gaia/2014/06/16/preliminary-analysis-of-stray-light-impact-and-strategies/

Posted by: SteveM Jul 29 2014, 01:33 PM

Gaia enters routine phase:

"Last week Friday, 25 July 2014, Gaia started its routine phase by scanning the sky for 28 days using the so-called ecliptic-poles scanning law. This is useful to bootstrap the basic calibrations of the data. After these 28 days, the nominal scanning law will be used to determine how Gaia is scanning the sky. Although the commissioning phase has ended, some activities remain to be completed. The root causes of the stray light and the basic-angle variations have not been found yet."

More at http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/news_20140729

Posted by: dtolman Nov 9 2014, 04:27 AM

New posted paper is http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/news_20141106. For reference, there are around 2000 known exoplanets as of today - and most of those are from the Kepler mission... amazing to think it'll increase by an order of magnitude over a decade. Gaia currently records information on 40 million stars a day - according to a recent tweet approaching 10 billion observed over the mission.

Posted by: SteveM Sep 14 2016, 01:03 AM

Gaia's Data Release 1, based on observations between 25 July 2014 and 16 September 2015, is due out Wednesday. It includes preliminary positions for over 1 billion stars and preliminary positions, parallax, and proper motions for over 2 million stars. Contents summarized at http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dr1?utm_content=bufferea5b5&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer

Posted by: antipode Sep 15 2016, 11:50 AM

Wow, Look at the LMC in the hi res png file at

http://www.esa.int/var/esa/storage/images/esa_multimedia/images/2016/09/gaia_s_first_sky_map/16133732-2-eng-GB/Gaia_s_first_sky_map.png

No doubt about its spiral structure there!

P

Posted by: SteveM Sep 16 2016, 05:30 PM

QUOTE (antipode @ Sep 15 2016, 06:50 AM) *
No doubt about its spiral structure there!
And the LMC also http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/iow_20160916. Arrticle available through https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.04395.

Posted by: Holder of the Two Leashes Jun 14 2017, 11:10 PM

One of the more entertaining ESA products to come out of the Gaia release is this newly posted YouTube video showing how the Orion constellation will evolve over time:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MK6v9G06Ks8

No corrections made for Betelgeuse possibly blowing up (whose timing is unknown in any event). Also notice the Hyades star cluster moving in.

Another earlier YouTube from ESA showed an approximation for the whole sky for five million years.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nUnKDPk60gU&vl=en

Recommend going full screen on both of these.

Posted by: Holder of the Two Leashes Apr 2 2018, 09:44 PM

Heads up. The astrometry revolution is about to start.

Gaia's second data release is coming up on April 25th. It will have 22 months worth of observations crunched into it. None of it will be relying on Hipparcos data anymore, it will be purely self contained.

Here is a description:

https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dr2

In other news the spacecraft had a hiccup back in February when it went into safe mode for ten days. It was a transponder problem, and there is some concern it could reoccur.

Enough data has already been gathered to date in order to have a Data Release 3 in late 2020. That should be the last release before the final catalog. That is, unless they extend the mission.

Update 21 April 2018

The press kit for the upcoming data release is now available http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/doc.cfm?fobjectid=60175 as a download.

Posted by: Sean Apr 27 2018, 03:04 PM

Here is a clip set to 'Chimaerica' by Jóhann Jóhannsson cropped to 3 minutes due to Flickr video limits...
https://flic.kr/p/26Ak7Sc

Made with 800 Megapixel equirectangular version mapped to sphere.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvhdL5JSemU

Posted by: Mars3D May 15 2018, 08:30 PM

I have created this image of the Milky Way from the raw CSV data. It's similar to ESA's but has more contrast and is more 'blown out' at the center of the galaxy.




https://host112.hrwebservices.net/~marsadc/Gaia32kx16k.jpg

Posted by: Holder of the Two Leashes Jun 22 2018, 06:54 PM

Some early results from the new data release are being published:

https://www.quantamagazine.org/what-astronomers-are-learning-from-gaias-new-milky-way-map-20180508/#comments

“dynamically driven double-degenerate double-detonation” (D6)
You have to love that one.

http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/200_Year_Old_Stellar_Mystery_Gets_Closer_to_Resolution_999.html

Posted by: bobik Feb 8 2022, 06:18 AM

https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/data-release-3

Posted by: Holder of the Two Leashes Jun 13 2022, 07:29 PM

The full Data Release 3 is now out.

Here is the go to page for an overview of the results:

LINK: https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dr3-stories

Posted by: bobik Oct 10 2023, 09:48 AM

https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/focused-product-release

Take a look https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/fpr-sso-updated-astrometry to better understand Gaia's ongoing revolution in the study of the solar system. ohmy.gif

Powered by Invision Power Board (http://www.invisionboard.com)
© Invision Power Services (http://www.invisionpower.com)