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[FordPrefect]

I'm using a slightly modified version of the earliest Hapke function - it's modified to avoid unrealistic effects when the emission angle approaches 90 degrees. The phase effects are interesting and very strong. I even had to reduce the opposition effect a bit to avoid problems with dynamic range.

Outstanding video Bjorn! Amazing!

I loved the phase-angle effects too. Could you elaborate on the modified version of the earliest Hapke function or point to where that function can be found? Those zero-phase glares are very prominent on the Moon/lunar surface too, but I suspect generally on any body with rough surfaces.
Thank you very much for any pointers!

Edit: Is this what you've been working with? -> http://selena.sai.msu.ru/Pug/Publications/ms42/m42_60.pdf

Rafael

[Bjorn Jonsson]

The modified Hapke function I'm using can be found in my software and (probably) nowhere else ;-). What I'm doing is a crude (probably), simple and empirical modification: I'm preventing the emission angle from ever getting 'too close' to 90 degrees by multiplying it with a number that is a slightly lower than 1 once the emission angle exceeds ~80 degrees. This number is actually a function of the emission angle and gets a bit lower as the emission angle approaches 90 degrees. This may seem strange but since the patch of surface within a pixel really is never perfectly smooth the average emission angle of the visible 'facets' within the pixel should never get extremely close to 90 degrees. This is simpler (but also less accurate) than the more complicated forms of the Hapke functions and eliminates unrealistic bright 'rims' around some terrain edges or planetary discs.

[FordPrefect]

Thank you very much Bjorn for the insight!